Bandwidth and traffic: what 1 Gbps and unlimited really mean

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• How to read hosting plans: the hidden limitsA plan card shows cores, memory, disk and a monthly price. Yet two plans with identical numbers can cost different amounts a year later and behave differently under load. The difference lies in terms printed in small type, in the acceptable use policy, or only in the contract. Below are eight places worth checking before you pay.
• IPv4 and IPv6 on a serverA typical VPS has one public IPv4 address and, if the host supports it, an IPv6 subnet. An extra IPv4 address almost always costs money, and the cheapest plans sometimes come without their own IPv4 at all. Here is where the shortage comes from, what you can do with IPv6 alone and which address settings a mail server needs.
• Docker on a VPS: getting startedDocker lets you run a bot, a website, a database and monitoring on one server without them getting in each other's way, and moving to another VPS comes down to copying a couple of files and the data. Installation takes five minutes; the real trouble starts later: database ports exposed to the internet, logs growing to tens of gigabytes and data that vanished along with a container. Here is how to avoid all of that from the start.
• How to move a website from shared hosting to a VPSThe move itself takes a couple of hours; the mistakes usually happen around it: a forgotten cron job, .htaccess rules that nginx does not read, an AAAA record with the old address, or mail that disappeared along with the IP change. Below is the order of steps with commands and checks for a PHP and MySQL site.
• Server control panels: ISPmanager, FASTPANEL, aaPanelA panel turns a VPS into the kind of dashboard you know from shared hosting: sites, databases, mail and certificates are set up with a few clicks instead of editing config files. The three panels most often installed on Russian and budget international servers are ISPmanager, FASTPANEL and aaPanel. They differ in price, memory requirements and how much of the server they take over.
• Windows VPS for 1CA rented server for 1C saves you from the office PC under a desk that nobody updates or backs up. But 1C on a VPS has its own quirks: the software licence is tied to the parameters of the virtual machine, users need both 1C and Windows licences, and core speed matters more than core count. Here is how to put together a 1C server for a small company.
• Windows VPS: licensing, RDP and secure sign-inA Windows server costs more than Linux not only because of memory: the price includes a licence, and how it is arranged decides whether you are compliant and how many people can connect. An exposed RDP port is also the most common way such servers get hacked. Here are both topics.
• When to move from shared hosting to a VPSA VPS does not make a site faster by itself: it gives you resources and freedom, and with them the job of running a server. Here is how to tell that hosting has become too small, when the problem can be solved without moving, and how to migrate a site so visitors notice nothing.
• VPS backups: strategies and toolsOn a VPS, backups are your job, even if the plan says "backups included". We go through what exactly to back up, why a host snapshot is not enough, how to set up restic or BorgBackup in half an hour, and how to make sure you can actually restore from a backup.
• First 10 steps after buying a VPS: securityBots start guessing passwords on a new server within minutes of it getting a public IP. Below are ten steps that close the most common holes in about an hour: commands for Ubuntu and Debian, the differences for AlmaLinux and Rocky Linux, and the checks that keep you from locking yourself out of your own server.
• How to choose a country for your serverPut the server where your visitors are. For an audience across Europe, Germany, the Netherlands and Finland are convenient; for North America, the US East Coast. If you serve EU users, keeping the data in the EU makes GDPR simpler. Price hardly decides it: at the same host a server in Frankfurt, Amsterdam or New York usually costs the same, and only Asia and Australia are noticeably more expensive.
• Hourly billing: when it pays offHourly billing pays off if you need the server for less than three weeks a month: for a test, a build, a one-off heavy job. At most hosts an hour costs exactly the monthly price divided by 730 hours, so over a full month you hardly overpay. The overpayment hides elsewhere: hourly plans are dearer on average, and for a server that runs all year, monthly billing or a year paid in advance usually comes out cheaper.
• How much RAM and how many cores a website needsMost websites are fine with 2 GB of memory and one or two cores; a shop with thousands of products needs 4 GB and two cores. Memory matters more than cores: when it runs out, the site slows down or crashes, while an extra core without memory adds almost nothing. Below I show how to work out the memory for your site and how to see what it actually uses.
• KVM or OpenVZ: which to chooseIn 2026 KVM is almost always the right pick: it costs a dollar or two more per month than OpenVZ, but everything runs on it, from Docker to Windows. OpenVZ makes sense in one narrow case, explained below, and at the end you will find the commands to check your own server in a minute.
• NVMe or SSD: does it matter for a websiteFor a small site the difference between NVMe and SSD is barely noticeable, because pages are served from memory rather than from disk. It shows up in shops and sites with a large database. At the same host NVMe costs only about $0.50–1 a month more, and sometimes less, so what usually decides it is not the disk type but its size and how the host has limited it.
• What is a VPS, in plain EnglishA VPS is a slice of a powerful physical server that you rent and that behaves like a separate computer, with its own operating system, its own IP address and full control. Below is how it differs from shared hosting, who needs one, what it costs and what to check right after you buy it.
• VPS for a Telegram bot: what the bot needs and how to pick a planA bot with a menu and a few commands runs fine on the cheapest server, while a bot with broadcasts, files and a database hits completely different limits. Here is what a bot really consumes, which Telegram limits shape the choice of server and how to avoid overpaying.
• How to test VPS ping and speed before you payThe numbers in a plan do not tell you the latency to your users or how fast the disk really is. Most of this can be measured before you pay, the rest in the first hour after launch. Here are the tools and how to read the results.
• Corporate network on a VPS: remote access to the officeA rented server can become the hub of a company's private network: remote employees and branch offices connect through it to the ERP, file server, CRM and Git. Here are the common layouts, protocols, server requirements and security basics.
• How to choose a VPS: the 7 specs that matterTwo plans with the same "2 cores, 4 GB, 50 GB" can differ several times in speed and twice in price a year later. Here is what stands behind each line of a VPS plan and what to check before you pay.
• VPS vs VDS: is there a difference and what actually mattersIn most markets VPS and VDS mean the same thing: a virtual server. The difference that really affects your work is hidden not in the name but in the virtualization type and whether resources are guaranteed.